Commercial Law forms the core of Gerard’s practice, advising and representing clients in a wide range of business litigation and arbitration, often with an EU or international element. From his postgraduate studies, he has particular interests in restitution and the conflict of laws.

Notable cases include:

• Stokoe Partnership Solicitors v. Grayson [2021] EWCA Civ 626; [2021] 4 WLR 87 (cross-examination on Norwich Pharmacal affidavit).
• Micula v. Romania [2020] UKSC 5; [2020] 1 WLR 1033 (relationship between enforcement of an ICSID arbitration award and EU State aid law).

• Apple v. Qualcomm [2018] EWHC 1188 (Pat); [2018] FSR 27 (service out of the jurisdiction and summary judgment on French law in a global IP/FRAND dispute).
• General Nutrition Investment Co. v. Holland & Barrett International Ltd. [2017] EWHC 746 (Ch) (requirements for serving notice of termination where there has been an equitable assignment).
• Gerald Metals SA v. Timis [2016] EWHC 2327 (Ch) (scope of the court’s role to grant interim relief by way of freezing injunction in aid of an arbitration under the LCIA Rules).
• Aspen Insurance UK Ltd. v. Adana Construction Ltd. [2015] EWCA Civ 176; [2015] Lloyd’s Rep. IR 511 (meaning of “product” in a liability insurance policy).
• Liberata UK Ltd. v. British Telecommunications plc [2014] EWHC 2565 (Comm) (amendment of statement of case in the context of likely frustration of a public sector outsourcing project).
• Secretary of State for Transport v. Paragon (Commercial Court proceedings to recover the cost of replacing all V5 vehicle registration documents).
• Hussain v. Seymour [2014] EWHC 891 (QB) (obligation of full and frank disclosure upon applying for a freezing injunction).
• Opus Property Finance Ltd. v. Arca Homes Ltd. [2013] EWHC 2617 (Comm) (summary judgment despite disputed authenticity of document).
• Cherney v. Deripaska (Commercial Court claim between two ‘oligarchs’ said to be for over $3 billion and cited by The Lawyer among the ‘top cases of 2012’).
• Terna Bahrain Holding Co. WLL v. Al Shamsi [2012] EWHC 3283 (Comm); [2013] 1 Lloyd’s Rep. 86 (antisuit injunction and enforcement of arbitral award).
• E-Nik Ltd. v. Department for Communities and Local Government [2012] EWHC 3027 (Comm); [2013] 2 All ER (Comm) 868 (distinction between debt and damages and availability of interest under the Late Payment of Commercial Debts legislation).
• Sir Keith Mills v. Coutts & Co. (Chancery Division claim alleging mis-selling of investments).
• Shared Network Services Ltd. v. NextiraOne UK Ltd. [2011] EWHC 3845 (Comm); Lawtel 9/12/2011 (construction and fairness of a limitation clause).
• Harsco Infrastructure Services Ltd. v. Bellway Homes Ltd. [2011] EWHC 3519 (TCC); [2011] All ER (D) 203 (Oct.) (incorporation of standard contract terms in a battle of forms).
• Coys of Kensington Automobiles Ltd. v. Pugliese [2011] EWHC 655 (QB); [2011] 2 All ER (Comm) 664 (test of consensus for a jurisdiction clause to apply).

In the field of Competition Law, Gerard has appeared before all levels of domestic courts and tribunals from the Supreme Court to the Competition Appeal Tribunal. He also advises on procedural issues. He is a contributing author of Competition Litigation: UK Practice and Procedure (OUP).

Notable cases include:

• Michael O’Higgins FX Class Representative Ltd. v. Barclays & others [2022] CAT 16 (applications for opt-out collective proceedings orders relating to foreign exchange cartels).
• Facebook Inc. v. CMA [2021] EWCA Civ 701; [2021] Bus LR 1178 (derogation from initial enforcement order in merger investigation).
• Michael O’Higgins FX Class Representative Ltd. v. Barclays & others [2020] CAT 9 (case management of carriage dispute in collective proceedings).

• Apple v. Qualcomm [2018] EWHC 1188 (Pat); [2018] FSR 27 (acting for defendants in claim alleging breach of competition law by abuse of dominance, in particular via charging of excessive (non-FRAND) royalties).
• Iiyama Benelux BV v. Samsung [2018] EWCA Civ 220; [2018] CMLR 23 (territorial scope of EU/EEA competition law).
• Société Coopérative de Production Seafrance v. CMA [2015] UKSC 75; [2016] 2 All ER 631 (whether a relevant merger situation within the jurisdiction of CMA).
• Accord Healthcare v. Astellas Pharma [2015] EWHC 3676 (Ch) (conditional marketing authorisation within EU Medicines Directive).
• R (Speed Medical Examination Services Ltd.) v. Secretary of State for Justice [2015] EWHC 3585 (Admin); [2016] ECC 13 (whether government created a scheme which gave rise to an abuse of dominance).
• BT v. Ofcom [2014] EWCA Civ 133; [2014] 4 All ER 673 (test on appeals from the CAT under the Communications Act 2003, s.316).
• Lafarge Tarmac v. Competition Commission [2013] CAT 27; [2014] Comp AR 69 (expedited application during a market investigation).
• BMI Healthcare v. Competition Commission [2013] CAT 24; [2014] Comp AR 8 (unfair procedure for data rooms in the Private Healthcare market investigation).
• BSkyB & others v. Ofcom [2012] CAT 20 (Pay TV appeals relating to mandating access to Sky Sports channels as an ex ante remedy).
• Hays plc & others v. OFT [2011] CAT 8; [2011] Comp AR 389 (application of OFT Penalties Guidance to the Construction Recruitment Forum).
• Virgin Media v. BSkyB [2008] EWCA Civ 612; [2008] 1 WLR 2854 (right to use lawyer of choice in competition proceedings).
• Chester City Council v. Arriva [2007] EWHC 1373 (Ch); [2007] UKCLR 1582 (Chapter II abuse of dominance claim relating to bus transport in Chester).

Gerard has acted for a range of clients in the energy sector including National Grid, Scottish Power and UK Power Networks, as well as the regulators Ofgem and the Utility Regulator of Northern Ireland. In addition to commercial issues arising in this field, he has broad experience of regulatory issues in the context of price controls, having acted in several CMA appeals on the subject, and under the Electricity Act 1989 and Gas Act 1986 more generally.

Notable cases include:

• RIIO-2 appeals (CMA, 28/10/2021) (acting for Scottish Power in energy licence modification appeal to the CMA arising out of Ofgem’s RIIO-T2 price control).
• LCIA arbitration concerning green energy subsidies with Helen Davies QC (2021).
• Fine Lady Bakeries v. EDF [2020] EWHC 87 (QB) (acting for EDF in High Court proceedings concerning responsibility for incorrect set-up of an industrial user’s electricity meter).
• EDF & SSE v. Gas and Electricity Markets Authority (GEMA) (CMA, 26/2/2018) (acting for National Grid in an energy code modification appeal relating to the cap imposed on transmission charges by EU law).
• Firmus Energy v. Northern Ireland Authority for Utility Regulation (CMA, 26/6/2017) (acting for the Utility Regulator of Northern Ireland in the first licence modification appeal under the Gas (Northern Ireland) Order 1996).

• R (UK Power Networks) v. GEMA [2017] EWHC 1175 (Admin); [2017] ACD 91 (challenge to Ofgem determination concerning whether sums amounted to “security” or “payment” for the purposes of sections 19 and 20 of the Electricity Act 1989).
• British Gas Trading Ltd. v. GEMA (CMA, 29/9/2015) (acting for Scottish Power in energy licence modification appeal to the CMA arising out of Ofgem’s RIIO-ED1 price control).
• R (RWE Generation UK plc) v. GEMA [2015] EWHC 2164 (Admin); [2016] 1 CMLR 17 (judicial review considering whether National Grid’s electricity transmission tariffs were discriminatory and/or cost-reflective).
• R (Western Power Distribution Ltd.) v. GEMA [2014] EWHC 4381 (Admin) (judicial review concerning whether a loss reduction adjustment in electricity distribution price control arrangements amounted to a penalty reviewable on grounds of proportionality).

In the area of Public Law, Gerard has particular expertise acting for both claimants and defendants in commercial judicial review cases, where the regulatory issues often overlap with his other fields of practice. He has also been involved in significant cases with a constitutional aspect, drawing on his experience of teaching Constitutional Law.

Notable cases include:

• RIIO-2 appeals (CMA, 28/10/2021) (energy licence modification appeal arising out of Ofgem’s RIIO-T2 price control).
• Facebook Inc. v. CMA [2021] EWCA Civ 701; [2021] Bus LR 1178 (derogation from initial enforcement order in merger investigation).
• R (Good Law Project) v. Electoral Commission [2019] EWCA Civ 1567; [2020] 1 WLR 1157 (acting for the Electoral Commission defending judicial review proceedings on the application of expenditure rules at the 2016 EU Referendum).
• R v. Mackinlay [2018] UKSC 42; [2019] AC 387 (criminal appeal on issues of electoral expenses law arising at the South Thanet by-election).
• EDF & SSE v. Gas and Electricity Markets Authority (GEMA) (CMA, 26/2/2018) (energy code modification appeal relating to whether EU law imposes a cap on transmission charges).
• Re Charlie Gard (acting pro bono for the parents of baby Charlie Gard in the appeals as far as the European Court of Human Rights challenging the decision to restrict medical treatment for their child).
  • Great Ormond Street Hospital v. Yates (no. 2) [2017] EWHC 1909 (Fam); [2017] 4 WLR 131 (whether fresh evidence can be adduced before the Family Division exercising its best interests jurisdiction).
  • Gard v. UK (2017) 65 EHRR SE9 (rights to life and to private and family life in the context of life-sustaining treatment).
  • Re G (a child) [2017] EWCA Civ 410; (2017) 157 BMLR 1 (withdrawal of medical treatment despite parental wishes).
• Firmus Energy v. Northern Ireland Authority for Utility Regulation (CMA, 26/6/2017) (first licence modification appeal against Northern Ireland Regulator under Gas (Northern Ireland) Order 1996).
• R (UK Power Networks) v. GEMA [2017] EWHC 1175 (Admin); [2017] ACD 91 (challenge to Ofgem determination concerning whether sums amounted to “security” or “payment” for the purposes of sections 19 and 20 of the Electricity Act 1989).
• R (Speed Medical Examination Services Ltd.) v. Secretary of State for Justice [2015] EWHC 3585 (Admin); [2016] ACD 25 (challenge to civil procedure reforms regarding personal injury claims based on their effect on competition).
• British Gas Trading Ltd. v. GEMA (CMA, 29/9/2015) (energy licence modification appeal arising out of the RIIO-ED1 price control).
• R (RWE Generation UK plc) v. GEMA [2015] EWHC 2164 (Admin); [2016] 1 CMLR 17 (judicial review raising issues of discrimination in relation to electricity transmission).
• R (Western Power Distribution Ltd.) v. GEMA [2014] EWHC 4381 (Admin) (judicial review distinguishing between incentives and penalties in the context of an electricity distribution price control).
• R (Wheeler) v. Office of the Prime Minister [2014] EWHC 3815 (Admin); [2015] 1 CMLR 46 (challenge under the European Union Act 2011 to the Government opting in to the European Arrest Warrant scheme).
• BMI Healthcare v. Competition Commission [2013] CAT 24; [2014] Comp AR 8 (natural justice challenge to the procedure adopted by the Competition Commission in relation to viewing confidential materials).
• R (Wilcock) v. Lancaster City Council [2013] EWHC 1231 (Admin); [2013] LLR 607 (hackney carriage licensing decisions and legitimate expectations).
• R (Birmingham and Solihull Taxi Association) v. Birmingham International Airport Ltd. [2009] EWHC 1913 (Admin); [2009] LLR 727 (judicial review of contracting decisions of private airport company).

• R (Higher Burrow Organic Farming Partnership) v. Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs [2008] EWHC 953 (Admin); [2008] All ER (D) 230 (Apr.) (judicial review arising out of the Government’s scheme for controlling tuberculosis in cattle).

• Contributing author of ‘Competition Litigation: UK Practice and Procedure’ (OUP, 2010 & 2019)
• ‘Combatting the Italian Torpedo’ (European Advocate, Summer 2016)
• ‘Legal Professional Privilege for Corporations’ (Business Law International, September 2014)
• ‘Ensuring Due Formality’ (Counsel, April 2014)
• Contributor on private international law to Westlaw Insight (since 2012)
• ‘The Battle of the Buses’ (2008) 29 ECLR 271

Degrees:

• MA Jurisprudence (Oxon.) – First Class
• BCL (Oxon.) – Distinction

Scholarships and prizes:

• Bar European Group Phoenicia Scholar (2005)
• Lord Denning Scholar, Lincoln’s Inn (2004)
• Arts and Humanities Research Board studentship for postgraduate study (2003-4)
• Prize for best performance in International Trade paper in Law Finals (2003)
• Hardwicke Entrance Award, Lincoln’s Inn (2002)
• Norton Rose Law Prize, Magdalen College, Oxford (2001)
• Scholar, Magdalen College, Oxford (2001-3)
• Honorary Scholar, Westminster School (1995-2000)

"He gives very clear, concise and easy-to-understand advice." "He is very calm measured and has a laser-like approach to detail and a really good sense of strategy." "He is very responsive, thoughtful and prepared, and is a very good advocate."  "A careful advocate who is meticulous on points of detail. He gives clients extremely robust but balanced advice."  "Very analytical and thorough; he has great attention to detail and is able to turn things around extremely quickly. He considers all the angles and potential strengths and weaknesses of the case." "Gerard is tenacious, strategic and has good attention to detail." "Bright, hard-working and a good team player." (Chambers & Partners 2022)

"Gerard is incredibly bright, hardworking and efficient with a lucid drafting style and clients love him for being astonishingly diligent and reliable."  "Calm and collected so as to deliver a very polished and analytical service."  "Gerard is able to convey complex legal arguments both on paper, with a lucid drafting style, and in conference with clients. He is always mindful of the underlying commercial aspects of a case and has a good strategic approach."  "Gerard is an incredibly precise black-letter lawyer who knows the law backwards."  "Very strong at expert work, very conscientious, very crisp and clear submissions; an extremely strong senior junior." (The Legal 500 2022)

"He's excellent - incredibly bright and meticulous." "Very impressive on public and regulatory work, well known and highly regarded." "A good all-rounder who gets through work efficiently and is good with clients." "He is very responsive, is always very well researched and has extremely good knowledge of the law." (Chambers & Partners 2021)

"His mind is precision-engineered, he leaves no stone unturned in his research and his submissions are precise, meticulous and to the point." "A wonderful draftsman of clarity and succinctness, he is incredibly meticulous in his marshalling of the facts." "Particularly strong on jurisdiction and governing law issues and expert work." "Very intellectually strong and analytical, stays calm under pressure, and sees the wider picture." (The Legal 500 2021)

"Shows good attention to detail, is very knowledgeable, and is someone whose advice is always very sound. He's user-friendly and you can have a good dialogue with him." "Everything he does seems to be effortless." (Chambers & Partners UK & Global 2020)

"Has the ability to provide a measured response no matter the situation – a great legal mind and a pleasure to work with." "Quietly effective and technically strong." "Good all round as a lawyer and also with clients." "He provides extremely valuable tactical input." (The Legal 500 2020)

 “Bright, thorough, thoughtful and extremely responsive.” “He is extraordinarily thorough; he’s the guy you want going through the statutory provisions. His written advice is excellent.” (Chambers & Partners UK & Global 2019)

“Highly recommended for his responsiveness, commerciality and client-friendly approach.” “Outstanding; very capable and clever.” (The Legal 500 2018-19)

French, Spanish